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                <h2 id="1-数据库概述及环境搭建"><a href="#1-数据库概述及环境搭建" class="headerlink" title="1. 数据库概述及环境搭建"></a>1. 数据库概述及环境搭建</h2><h3 id="1-1-为什么要使用数据库"><a href="#1-1-为什么要使用数据库" class="headerlink" title="1.1 为什么要使用数据库"></a>1.1 为什么要使用数据库</h3><ul>
<li>动态网站中的数据都是存储在数据库中的</li>
<li>数据库可以用来持久存储客户端通过表单收集的用户信息</li>
<li>数据库软件本身可以对数据进行高效的管理</li>
</ul>
<h3 id="1-2-什么是数据库"><a href="#1-2-什么是数据库" class="headerlink" title="1.2 什么是数据库"></a>1.2 什么是数据库</h3><p>数据库即存储数据的仓库，可以将数据进行有序的分门别类的存储。它是独立于语言之外的软件，可以通过API去操作它。<br>常见的数据库软件有：mysql、mongoDB、oracle。</p>
<img width="80%" src="./images/01.png">

<h3 id="1-3-MongoDB数据库下载安装"><a href="#1-3-MongoDB数据库下载安装" class="headerlink" title="1.3 MongoDB数据库下载安装"></a>1.3 MongoDB数据库下载安装</h3><p>下载地址：<a href="https://www.mongodb.com/download-center/community" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://www.mongodb.com/download-center/community</a></p>
<img width="80%" src="./images/02.png">

<h3 id="1-4-MongoDB可视化软件"><a href="#1-4-MongoDB可视化软件" class="headerlink" title="1.4 MongoDB可视化软件"></a>1.4 MongoDB可视化软件</h3><p>MongoDB可视化操作软件，是使用图形界面操作数据库的一种方式。<br><img width="80%" src="./images/03.png"></p>
<h3 id="1-5-数据库相关概念"><a href="#1-5-数据库相关概念" class="headerlink" title="1.5 数据库相关概念"></a>1.5 数据库相关概念</h3><p>在一个数据库软件中可以包含多个数据仓库，在每个数据仓库中可以包含多个数据集合，每个数据集合中可以包含多条文档（具体的数据）。<br><img width="80%" src="./images/04.png"></p>
<h3 id="1-6-Mongoose第三方包"><a href="#1-6-Mongoose第三方包" class="headerlink" title="1.6 Mongoose第三方包"></a>1.6 Mongoose第三方包</h3><ul>
<li>使用Node.js操作MongoDB数据库需要依赖Node.js第三方包mongoose</li>
<li>使用<code>npm install mongoose</code>命令下载</li>
</ul>
<h3 id="1-7-启动MongoDB"><a href="#1-7-启动MongoDB" class="headerlink" title="1.7 启动MongoDB"></a>1.7 启动MongoDB</h3><p>在命令行工具中运行<code>net start mongoDB</code>即可启动MongoDB，否则MongoDB将无法连接。</p>
<h3 id="1-8-数据库连接"><a href="#1-8-数据库连接" class="headerlink" title="1.8 数据库连接"></a>1.8 数据库连接</h3><p>使用mongoose提供的<code>connect</code>方法即可连接数据库。</p>
<pre class=" language-javascript"><code class="language-javascript"> mongoose<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">connect</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'mongodb://localhost/playground'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
     <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">then</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token operator">></span> console<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'数据库连接成功'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
     <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token keyword">catch</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>err <span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token operator">></span> console<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'数据库连接失败'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> err<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</code></pre>
<h3 id="1-9-创建数据库"><a href="#1-9-创建数据库" class="headerlink" title="1.9 创建数据库"></a>1.9 创建数据库</h3><p>在MongoDB中<code>不需要显式创建数据库</code>，如果正在使用的数据库不存在，<code>MongoDB会自动创建</code>。</p>
<h2 id="2-MongoDB增删改查操作"><a href="#2-MongoDB增删改查操作" class="headerlink" title="2. MongoDB增删改查操作"></a>2. MongoDB增删改查操作</h2><h3 id="2-1-创建集合"><a href="#2-1-创建集合" class="headerlink" title="2.1 创建集合"></a>2.1 创建集合</h3><p>创建集合分为两步，一是<code>对集合设定规则</code>，二是<code>创建集合</code>，创建mongoose.Schema构造函数的实例即可创建集合。</p>
<pre class=" language-javascript"><code class="language-javascript">  <span class="token comment" spellcheck="true">// 设定集合规则</span>
 <span class="token keyword">const</span> courseSchema <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">mongoose<span class="token punctuation">.</span>Schema</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
     name<span class="token punctuation">:</span> String<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
     author<span class="token punctuation">:</span> String<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
     isPublished<span class="token punctuation">:</span> Boolean
 <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
  <span class="token comment" spellcheck="true">// 创建集合并应用规则</span>
 <span class="token keyword">const</span> Course <span class="token operator">=</span> mongoose<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">model</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'Course'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> courseSchema<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment" spellcheck="true">// courses</span></code></pre>
<h3 id="2-2-创建文档"><a href="#2-2-创建文档" class="headerlink" title="2.2 创建文档"></a>2.2 创建文档</h3><p>创建文档实际上就是<code>向集合中插入数据</code>。<br>分为两步：</p>
<ul>
<li>创建集合实例。</li>
<li>调用实例对象下的save方法将数据保存到数据库中。</li>
</ul>
<pre class=" language-javascript"><code class="language-javascript">  <span class="token comment" spellcheck="true">// 创建集合实例</span>
 <span class="token keyword">const</span> course <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Course</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
     name<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token string">'Node.js course'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
     author<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token string">'szl'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
     tags<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">'node'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">'backend'</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
     isPublished<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span>
 <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
  <span class="token comment" spellcheck="true">// 将数据保存到数据库中</span>
 course<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">save</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span></code></pre>
<pre class=" language-javascript"><code class="language-javascript">Course<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">create</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>name<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token string">'JavaScript基础'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> author<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token string">'szl'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> isPublish<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>err<span class="token punctuation">,</span> doc<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token operator">></span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> 
     <span class="token comment" spellcheck="true">//  错误对象</span>
    console<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>err<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
     <span class="token comment" spellcheck="true">//  当前插入的文档</span>
    console<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>doc<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span></code></pre>
<pre class=" language-javascript"><code class="language-javascript">Course<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">create</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>name<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token string">'JavaScript基础'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> author<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token string">'szl'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> isPublish<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
      <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">then</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>doc <span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token operator">></span> console<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>doc<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
      <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token keyword">catch</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>err <span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token operator">></span> console<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>err<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
</code></pre>
<h3 id="2-3-mongoDB数据库导入数据"><a href="#2-3-mongoDB数据库导入数据" class="headerlink" title="2.3 mongoDB数据库导入数据"></a>2.3 mongoDB数据库导入数据</h3><p>mongoimport –d 数据库名称 –c 集合名称 –file 要导入的数据文件<br>找到mongodb数据库的安装目录，将安装目录下的bin目录放置在环境变量中。</p>
<h3 id="2-4-查询文档"><a href="#2-4-查询文档" class="headerlink" title="2.4 查询文档"></a>2.4 查询文档</h3><pre class=" language-javascript"><code class="language-javascript"><span class="token comment" spellcheck="true">//  根据条件查找文档（条件为空则查找所有文档）</span>
Course<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">find</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">then</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>result <span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token operator">></span> console<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>result<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token comment" spellcheck="true">// 返回文档集合</span>
<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    _id<span class="token punctuation">:</span> 5c0917ed37ec9b03c07cf95f<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
    name<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token string">'node.js基础'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
    author<span class="token punctuation">:</span> 'szl‘
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
     _id<span class="token punctuation">:</span> 5c09dea28acfb814980ff827<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
     name<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token string">'Javascript'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
     author<span class="token punctuation">:</span> 'szl‘
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span></code></pre>
<pre class=" language-javascript"><code class="language-javascript"><span class="token comment" spellcheck="true">//  根据条件查找文档</span>
Course<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">findOne</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>name<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token string">'node.js基础'</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">then</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>result <span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token operator">></span> console<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>result<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token comment" spellcheck="true">// 返回文档</span>
 <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    _id<span class="token punctuation">:</span> 5c0917ed37ec9b03c07cf95f<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
    name<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token string">'node.js基础'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
    author<span class="token punctuation">:</span> 'szl‘
<span class="token punctuation">}</span></code></pre>
<pre class=" language-javascript"><code class="language-javascript"> <span class="token comment" spellcheck="true">//  匹配大于 小于</span>
 User<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">find</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>age<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>$gt<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token number">20</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> $lt<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token number">50</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">then</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>result <span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token operator">></span> console<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>result<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
 <span class="token comment" spellcheck="true">//  匹配包含</span>
 User<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">find</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>hobbies<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>$<span class="token keyword">in</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">'敲代码'</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">then</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>result <span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token operator">></span> console<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>result<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
 <span class="token comment" spellcheck="true">//  选择要查询的字段  </span>
 User<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">find</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">select</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'name email'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">then</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>result <span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token operator">></span> console<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>result<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
 <span class="token comment" spellcheck="true">// 将数据按照年龄进行排序</span>
 User<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">find</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">sort</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'age'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">then</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>result <span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token operator">></span> console<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>result<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
 <span class="token comment" spellcheck="true">//  skip 跳过多少条数据  limit 限制查询数量</span>
 User<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">find</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">skip</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">limit</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">then</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>result <span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token operator">></span> console<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>result<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span></code></pre>
<h3 id="2-5-删除文档"><a href="#2-5-删除文档" class="headerlink" title="2.5 删除文档"></a>2.5 删除文档</h3><pre class=" language-javascript"><code class="language-javascript"> <span class="token comment" spellcheck="true">// 删除单个</span>
Course<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">findOneAndDelete</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">then</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>result <span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token operator">></span> console<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>result<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
 <span class="token comment" spellcheck="true">// 删除多个</span>
User<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">deleteMany</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">then</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>result <span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token operator">></span> console<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>result<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span></code></pre>
<h3 id="2-6-更新文档"><a href="#2-6-更新文档" class="headerlink" title="2.6 更新文档"></a>2.6 更新文档</h3><pre class=" language-javascript"><code class="language-javascript"><span class="token comment" spellcheck="true">// 更新单个</span>
User<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">updateOne</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>查询条件<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>要修改的值<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">then</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>result <span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token operator">></span> console<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>result<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token comment" spellcheck="true">// 更新多个</span>
User<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">updateMany</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>查询条件<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>要更改的值<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">then</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>result <span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token operator">></span> console<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>result<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span></code></pre>
<h3 id="2-7-mongoose验证"><a href="#2-7-mongoose验证" class="headerlink" title="2.7 mongoose验证"></a>2.7 mongoose验证</h3><p>在创建集合规则时，可以设置当前字段的验证规则，验证失败就则输入插入失败。</p>
<ul>
<li>required: true 必传字段</li>
<li>minlength：3 字符串最小长度</li>
<li>maxlength: 20 字符串最大长度</li>
<li>min: 2 数值最小为2</li>
<li>max: 100 数值最大为100</li>
<li>enum: [‘html’, ‘css’, ‘javascript’, ‘node.js’]</li>
<li>trim: true 去除字符串两边的空格</li>
<li>validate: 自定义验证器</li>
<li>default: 默认值</li>
</ul>
<p>获取错误信息：error.errors[‘字段名称’].message</p>
<h3 id="2-8-集合关联"><a href="#2-8-集合关联" class="headerlink" title="2.8 集合关联"></a>2.8 集合关联</h3><p>通常<code>不同集合的数据之间是有关系的</code>，例如文章信息和用户信息存储在不同集合中，但文章是某个用户发表的，要查询文章的所有信息包括发表用户，就需要用到集合关联。</p>
<ul>
<li>使用id对集合进行关联</li>
<li>使用populate方法进行关联集合查询</li>
</ul>
<img width="80%" src="./images/05.png">

<h3 id="2-9-集合关联实现"><a href="#2-9-集合关联实现" class="headerlink" title="2.9 集合关联实现"></a>2.9 集合关联实现</h3><pre class=" language-javascript"><code class="language-javascript"><span class="token comment" spellcheck="true">// 用户集合</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> User <span class="token operator">=</span> mongoose<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">model</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'User'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">mongoose<span class="token punctuation">.</span>Schema</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> name<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> type<span class="token punctuation">:</span> String <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> 
<span class="token comment" spellcheck="true">// 文章集合</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> Post <span class="token operator">=</span> mongoose<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">model</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'Post'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">mongoose<span class="token punctuation">.</span>Schema</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    title<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> type<span class="token punctuation">:</span> String <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
    <span class="token comment" spellcheck="true">// 使用ID将文章集合和作者集合进行关联</span>
    author<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> type<span class="token punctuation">:</span> mongoose<span class="token punctuation">.</span>Schema<span class="token punctuation">.</span>Types<span class="token punctuation">.</span>ObjectId<span class="token punctuation">,</span> ref<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token string">'User'</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment" spellcheck="true">//联合查询</span>
Post<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">find</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
      <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">populate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'author'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
      <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">then</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>err<span class="token punctuation">,</span> result<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token operator">></span> console<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>result<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span></code></pre>
<h3 id="2-10-案例：用户信息增删改查"><a href="#2-10-案例：用户信息增删改查" class="headerlink" title="2.10 案例：用户信息增删改查"></a>2.10 案例：用户信息增删改查</h3><ol>
<li>搭建网站服务器，实现客户端与服务器端的通信</li>
<li>连接数据库，创建用户集合，向集合中插入文档</li>
<li>当用户访问/list时，将所有用户信息查询出来</li>
<li>将用户信息和表格HTML进行拼接并将拼接结果响应回客户端</li>
<li>当用户访问/add时，呈现表单页面，并实现添加用户信息功能</li>
<li>当用户访问/modify时，呈现修改页面，并实现修改用户信息功能</li>
<li>当用户访问/delete时，实现用户删除功能</li>
</ol>
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